Georgetown Edition | May 2025

Special district proposals grow in Georgetown From the cover

Terms to know

How do MUDs work?

Without MUDs, these projects would either:

A MUD is a type of special purpose district authorized by the state Legislature that functions as an independent limited government.

MUDs are special-purpose districts created by the state and used by developers to fund the upfront costs of building new communities in unincorporated areas—land outside city limits not governed by a municipal government—such as infrastructure for water, sewer, drainage and roads, according to the Texas Municipal League. Unlike city residents, MUD residents typically do not receive municipal trash pickup or police services, and instead rely on county resources or private services. Developers use other forms of special districts like PIDs, which can finance more than a MUD can and imposes an assessment instead of a tax, Woolery said. PIDs are typically created, governed and operated by the city, Schroeder said. MUDs can be created through the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, the state Legislature and a consent agreement with the city if they’re in the ETJ, Schroeder said. Since 2023, Senate Bill 2038 has allowed landowners to leave—or deannex—from a city’s ETJ through petition or election, making way for the creation of more MUDs.

Cost more per property

Be smaller

How are MUDS created?

1. Petition

2. Review

TCEQ reviews public hearing requests from interested parties and the county court. If a requester is affected, there will be a hearing followed by a judge’s ruling. 3. Government

4. Annexation

Property owners within a proposed district must petition TCEQ to create the MUD. The developer must put up a letter of credit equal to 30% or more of the cost of subdivision utilities.

The TCEQ evaluates the petition, holds a public hearing and either grants or denies the requests.

New sites can be annexed into a MUD through a formal request to the MUD's attorney or engineer. The board votes to approve or deny the request.

To live in a MUD outside of the city

To live in the city

Higher property tax rates than city residents

Lower property tax rates than MUD residents

Fewer property regulations

City zoning and property regulations

More new housing options

High city impact fees for new developments

Typically more access to outdoor amenities

Parks and rec development funded by city

Vote for representatives of MUD boards

Residents can vote in city elections

SOURCE: TEXAS MUNICIPAL LEAGUE, TEXAS WATER CODE/COMMUNITY IMPACT

Diving in deeper

has been responsive to community requests and transparency improvements. “Smaller government programs like this that keep more decisions in the hands of the communities that they’re in is valuable,” Dunn said.

have set tax rates, according to county officials. Residents in MUDs often face higher tax rates than those within city limits. Schroeder said a homeowner’s monthly payment can be hundreds of dollars more if they have a MUD tax. Laurie Dunn lives in MUD 31 and said she’s willing to pay higher taxes, as the board of her MUD

MUDs are governed by locally elected boards, often chosen in low-turnout elections where only a few residents qualify to vote because the land is typically undeveloped at the time, according to previous Community Impact reporting. There are 83 active MUDs in Williamson County, according to the TCEQ. Since 2020, 21 new MUDs

Comparing tax rates

MUD bonds can be used to fund:

Water, sewer and drainage infrastructure

Road projects

$1

$0.75

Waste services

Parks, trails and other recreational amenities

$0.5

When a resident buys a house in a district, they are notified of the following:

$0.25

Money voted on in past bonds that can be sold The number

$0

Tax rate

The purpose of the district

of bonds to be funded to date

SOURCE: WILLIAMSON COUNTY, TEXAS MUNICIPAL LEAGUE/COMMUNITY IMPACT

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